The right to life under ICCPR Article 6 is among the most fundamental human rights. Extrajudicial killings, death squad activity, police and military violence, and ethnic targeting constitute serious human rights violations assessed by expert witnesses in UK asylum and deportation proceedings.
Experts analyse documented patterns of extrajudicial execution, targeting criteria, state agent involvement or tolerance, and whether the appellant's profile matches documented victims. State-sponsored or tolerated violence against particular groups constitutes human rights violations distinct from ordinary criminal violence, requiring analysis of institutional accountability mechanisms.
Return risk assessment addresses whether the appellant faces a real risk of extrajudicial killing based on their profile and whether the state is unable or unwilling to protect. Reports reference UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial executions reports, OHCHR documentation, and documented patterns of state violence updated in Home Office CPINs during 2025.
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Frequently Asked Questions
When do extrajudicial killings constitute grounds for protection?
Where the appellant faces a real risk of extrajudicial killing on return based on their profile, and the state is unable or unwilling to protect. Experts analyse documented patterns of killings, targeting criteria, and whether the appellant's profile matches documented victims.
How is state violence distinguished from general criminal violence?
Experts assess whether violence is systematic, targets specific profiles, involves state agents or state tolerance, and whether institutional accountability mechanisms exist. State-sponsored or tolerated violence against particular groups constitutes human rights violations distinct from ordinary crime.